The Town of Oneida, established in 1910, is located in the northeast corner of Outagamie County, Wisconsin, just west of the City of Green Bay. The Town is bordered by the Village of Howard and the Town of Pittsfield to the north; the Towns of Seymour and Osborn to the west; the Towns of Freedom and Kaukauna to the south; and the Town of Lawrence and the Village of Hobart to the east. Nearby cities include Green Bay, Seymour, Kaukauna, and Appleton.

The entire Town of Oneida lies within the boundaries of the Oneida Indian Reservation.

As of the 2024 census, the Town has a population of 4,678.